PENGERTIAN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Simple present tense adalah salah satu bentuk tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta (facts), kebenaran umum (general truth), kebiasaan (habit), situasi permanen (permanent situation).

Mari kita bahas penjelasan lengkap simple present tense dibawah ini.

PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Pertama, untuk menyatakan fakta (facts)/kebenaran umum (general truths)/situasi permanen (permanent situations).

Contoh kalimat :

• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
• The sun rises in the east.
• I am Indonesian.
• I live in Bandung.
• She doesn’t like coffee.
• He works in a post office.

Kedua, untuk menyatakan kebiasaan (habits).

Contoh kalimat :

• I play piano twice a week.
• She drinks a cup of tea every morning.
• They always go to school.

Beberapa penanda waktu dalam tense ini antara lain: often, always, every day, every morning, twice a week, atautwice a month dll.

Ketiga, untuk membicarakan jadwal pasti/rencana tetap (fixed plans/arrangements) yang berupa daftar jam/perjalanan (timetable).

Contoh kalimat :

• The meeting begins at ten tomorrow.
• Our plane leaves at three.
• The film starts at five.

Keempat, untuk membicarakan masa yang akan datang setelah kata hubung when, until, after, before, dan as soon as.

Contoh kalimat :

• She’ll text you when she is at home.
• They won’t go until you give them money.
• I’ll cook fried rice after I take a bath.

Kelima, untuk memberikan instruksi (instructions).

Contoh kalimat :

• Next, you add some sugar and stir well.
• You go along this road then you turn left.

Keenam, ini digunakan dalam conditional sentence tipe 1.

Contoh kalimat :

• If it rains, I’ll stay at home.
• I’ll come if you invite me.
• If you study hard, you’ll pass the exam.

RUMUS/POLA SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Kalimat Positif

Pola: Subject + to be (is/am/are) + adjective/noun (verb: to be)	Pola: Subject + verb 1 (-s/-es/ies) + object (verb: to teach)
I am a teacher.	I teach English.
You are a teacher.	You teach English.
We are teachers.	We teach English.
They are teachers.	They teach English.
He is a teacher.	He teaches English.
She is a teacher.	She teaches English.

Untuk subject he, she, dan it jangan lupa tambahkan akhiran -s/-es/-ies pada kata kerja.
Contoh : He/she teaches Englsih.

Kalimat Negatif

Pola: Subject + to be (is/am/are) + NOT + adjective/noun (verb: to be)	Pola: Subject + do/does + NOT + verb 1 + object (verb: to teach)
I am not a teacher.	I don't teach English.
You are not a teacher.	You don't teach English.
We are not teachers.	We don't teach English.
They are not teachers.	They don't teach English.
He is not a teacher.	He doesn't teach English.
She is not a teacher.	She doesn't teach English.

• Gunakan do not (don’t) untuk subject : I, you, we, they.
• Gunakan does not (doesn’t) untuk subject : He, she, it.

Kalimat Tanya

Pola: To be (is/am/are) + subject + adjective/noun (verb: to be)	Pola: Do/does + subject + verb 1 + object? (verb: to teach)
Am I a teacher?	Do I teach English?
Are you a teacher?	Do you teach English?
Are we teachers?	Do we teach English?
Are they teachers?	Do they teach English?
Is he a teacher?	Does he teach English?
Is she a teacher?	Does she teach English?

PENGERTIAN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Present Continuous Tense adalah salah satu bentuk tenses yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi saat ini atau pada saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung.

PENGGUNAAN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Pertama, untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung (at the moment of speaking).

Contoh kalimat :

• I am writing an explanation of present continuous tense.
• You are reading the explanation at the moment.
• Look! It is raining now.
• Wait! My mother is calling me.

‘Now’ dan ‘at the moment’ adalah penanda waktu yang sering digunakan dalam tense ini.

Kedua, untuk menyatakan situasi sementara (temporary situation).

Contoh kalimat :

• The phone is ringing. (hanya beberapa detik)
• They are building a house. (hanya beberapa hari)
• He doesn’t like vegetable, but he is eating a lot of vegetables these days.
• They usually play volley ball, but today they are playing football.

Ketiga, untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan atau peristiwa yang telah direncanakan/dipersiapkan berupa rencana (arragement) atau janji (appointment).

Contoh kalimat :

• I am meeting my friend tomorrow.
• We are visiting Bali next month.
• We are going to Bandung on the weekend.
• It is two o’clock. I am leaving at five.

Biasanya rencana atau janji tersebut dibuat oleh kita sendiri secara pribadi.

RUMUS/POLA PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Berikut adalah rumus atau pola simple present tense:

Kalimat Positif

Pola: Subject + be (is/am/are) + verb -ing (verb: teach)
I am teaching English.
You are teaching English.
We are teaching English.
They are teaching English.
He is teaching English.
She is teaching English.

Untuk subject:

• I gunakan am.
• You, we dan they gunakan are.
• He, she dan it gunakan is.

Kalimat Negatif

Pola: Subject + be (is/am/are) + NOT + verb -ing (verb: teach)
I am not teaching English.
You are not teaching English.
We are not teaching English.
They are not teaching English.
He is not teaching English.
She is not teaching English.

Untuk subject:

• I gunakan am not.
• You, we dan they gunakan are not (aren’t).
• He, she dan it gunakan is not (isn’t).

Kalimat Tanya

Pola: Be (is/am/are) + subject + verb -ing (verb: teach)
Am I teaching English?
Are you teaching English?
Are we teaching English?
Are they teaching English?
Is he teaching English?
Is she teaching English?

PERHATIAN! ADA BEBERAPA KATA KERJA YANG TIDAK BISA DIGUNAKAN DALAM BENTUK CONTINUOUS

Menurut Thomson dan Martinet (156: 1986), bentuk continuous digunakan untuk melakukan aksi atau tindakan. Ada beberapa kata kerja yang tidak bisa digunakan dalam bentuk continuous antara lain :

know	hear	smell
taste	like	dislike
hate	want	need
love	belong	owe
own	possess	seem
believe	respect	understand

contoh kalimat :

• I am knowing : I know.
• She is liking : She likes.
• They are hating : They hate.
• I am wanting : I want dan sebaginya.

Simple Present vs Present Continuous

Untuk memudahkan dalam membedakan penggunaan simple tense dan present continuous, perhatikan penjelasan berikut :

Simple Present	Present Continuous
a) Untuk aksi yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau secara reguler. Contoh kalimat : o Alan reads one book a day. o Shella usually walks to her campus. o The odd semester starts on September.	a) Untuk aksi yang terjadi selama waktu pembicaraan. Contoh kalimat : Alan cannot pick up the phone right now because he is reading his book. Untuk aksi yang berlangsung sekitar waktu pembicaraan Contoh kalimat: Alan is reading three books a day these days because he needs to catch up to his personal reading goal.
b) Untuk menyatakan fakta, situasi, dan keadaan yang kita tidak harapkan untuk berubah. Contoh kalimat : o   Shella lives in Bogor. o   Alan reads book everyday.	b) Present continuous tense untuk menyatakan situasi dan aksi yang terjadi hanya sementara atau kita harapkan untuk berubah. Contoh kalimat : Shella is living in Depok for the time being due to her study. Alan is working at a library this two weeks because his classes are on break.

Referensi :

1. http://kelasbahasainggris.com/simple-present-tense-pengertian/

2. http://kelasbahasainggris.com/present-continuous-tense/

3. https://www.studiobelajar.com/present-continuous-tense/